Drugs And Its Effects On Society - 932 Words

Drug use in America has affected society as a whole since the 1970’s, when drugs such as cocaine and other narcotics became relatively easy for user to purchase in amount unheard of prior. No matter what the choice of drug a user is addicted to, the effects of drug abuse has the same outcome; to include addiction, depression, and criminal activity which affects everybody in society from small children to an adults. Kids today are subject to be exposed to illicit drugs any day of the week. Whether they choose to experiment with these drugs or not, depends on the power they have to overcome peer pressure or other obstacles they face. Illicit drugs do not pick the people they affect, the people choose the drugs to affect themselves and the lives of others, and this is true for children and adults. Adult drugs users often give birth to children who are exposed to drugs at birth. Often times when a child is exposed to drug at an earlier age they will experiment with illicit dr ugs. Even though some children are exposed to drugs at an earlier age, some grow up to become non drug users do to the fact they choose to go down the right path to make good with their lives. Studies have shown that in 2014 the use of illicit drugs among all grades of school children was at 27.2 percent, which was down from its peak 34.1 percent in 1997. (DrugFacts: High School and Youth Trends., n.d.) Most of the children that are using these illicit drugs are due to various reasons such as lack ofShow MoreRelatedDrugs And Its Effects On Society1462 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Certain drugs have become very popular among teens at dance clubs, parties, raves, and other crowded social gatherings. These drugs are known as â€Å"club drugs†. The most commonly used substances amongst teens are MDMA (ecstasy, or molly), GHB, and Methamphetamine (meth). The effects of these different drugs vary. Stimulant drugs such as ecstasy and meth affects the hormone in your body, known as serotonin; which controls sleep cycles and the feeling of happiness. Teens often mix ecstasyRead MoreDrugs And Its Effects On Society955 Words   |  4 PagesDrugs are as defined by the dictionary as a medicine or other substance which has a physiological effect when ingested or otherwise introduced into the body this means that everything from coffee to alcohol can be considered a drug. Drugs have been made and used by people since 5000 B.C by the Sumerians. They have had both a positive and negative impact on society, they can help us get over a sickness within a couple of days, however drugs have also been used as a way to get high. Using drugs, noRead MoreDrugs And Its Effect On Society1645 Words   |  7 PagesThe official definition of drugs is a substance which has a physiological effect when introduced to the body. Drugs have been a part of human culture since the beginning of recorded history. People have use drugs for all sorts of reasons whether it is for a religious mind altering ritual, to save someone’s life or just to make themselves feel better, and they are still widely prevalent in today’s culture. We all know someone who currently partakes in drugs whether they choose to share that informationRead MoreThe Effects Of Drugs And Its Effects On Society1670 Words   |  7 PagesMany people don’t consider the real effects of drugs when they are about to use it. In today’s society, there are various types of drugs or substances that are either on the legal or illegal side. Just because a substance is legal does not ma ke it beneficial and vice versa. The main categories of drugs are stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogens. The drug category that I would like to focus on is stimulants. The most heavily and frequently used stimulant, which is caffeine. Never does it crossRead MoreThe Effects Of Drugs And Its Effects On Society1221 Words   |  5 Pages Now, there are lots of teenagers all over the world /use drug. And it /becomes a very normal thing in social. Why /the teenagers want to use drug? Drugs/ blur memory, causing blank spots. When a person tries to get information through this cloudy mess, he can’t do it. Drugs make a person feel slow or stupid and cause him to have failures in life. And as he has more failures and life gets harder, he wants more drugs to help him deal with the problem. There are two very important reasonsRead MoreDrugs And Its Effects On Society1869 Words   |  8 Pageshistory, the use of drugs, both for recreational and medical purposes, has had a profound impact on society that is still prevalent in today’s society. After the end of the Second World War, the pharmaceutical industry was booming and drugs became this tool that could solve all of human’s problems. Many companies invested in this area which led to many breakthroughs for cures; however, during this time period, another branched stemmed from all of this glory of drugs. The 1960s drug culture was a majorRead MoreDrugs And Its Effects On Society893 Words   |  4 PagesDrugs are everywhere. There are many reasons why people turn to drugs, such as peer pressure, depression, and etc. Using drugs is a choice that many people decide to do. Drugs can get prescribed by people such as doctors and psychiatrists and those drugs can be used to help cure the body. Even with those prescribed drugs some like to abuse them, which can have a negative effect on our bodies and can lead to many different things. Things such as possibly going to jail, losing your job , ruin relationshipsRead MoreDrugs And Its Effects On Society1468 Words   |  6 PagesMethamphetamine, a drug that for years has been sweeping our nation and claiming countless lives. Why are people turning to this drug knowing what it can and will do to you? This drugs affects so many lives around the world, even those who choose to not do it. I, myself, have been affected by this drug. Throughout all my teen years I watched own my mother fall to this awful addiction. This drug will completely rip lives apart, destroy families, and ultimately murder its user. I was lucky, in a wayRead MoreDrugs And Its Effects On Society1413 Words   |  6 PagesFor thousands of years, drugs have been used in some way, form, or fashion. Drugs have not always been the way that we know them to be today, but people have been creative and have used what has been made available to them to use drugs, whether they knew it or not. Most of these early drug-users either used out of tradition and a rituali stic culture or because there was a need for some type of healing. The drug and stimulant, cocaine, is extracted from the coca plant. This plant is native to SouthRead MoreDrugs And Its Effects On Society1736 Words   |  7 Pagesforever or go away through therapy and treatment. For some people their escape is through drugs. They obtain this bad habit because drugs allows them to forget everything negative. Some people choose to use drugs because of household situations. Others choose drugs because they feel pressure from friends. There are also some that want to get away from a painful reality. According to Maria Salinas (2012), â€Å"Drugs are chemicals. They work in the brain by tapping into the brain’s communication system and

Jessica s Business Code Of Ethics - 1277 Words

Jessica s Business Code of Ethics Jessica L. Rajpar Student No. 000317823 Western Governors University Thank you for joining Jessica s Company herein after known as â€Å"The Company†. It is the interest of The Company to provide our employees with both a positive and safe working environment. We believe that each and every one of our employees is valuable and play an exceptional role in contributing to our success. We are very excited to have you as a part of our team! The Company was started in 1992 and has grown to our current five facilities located in Indianapolis, IN and Lexington, KY. All of our production facilities boast leading and cutting edge, environmentally friendly technologies that are unparalleled. Through strict management, we have collectively built an environment that is safe, clean and friendly for our customers and employees. Our Mission Statement Our mission is to provide consumers with innovative products to increase efficiency and productivity while proving to have less impact on our environment and help our customers do so as well. We wish to prolong our current economic growth and protect our planet in the process. The integrity of our company is based on the quality of our products, our satisfied customers, the integrity and conscientiousness of our employees and our sincerity to innovative development and evolution. Our Core Values Deliver quality to our customers through excellence. CreateShow MoreRelatedThe Beatitudes Of The Bible762 Words   |  4 PagesBeatitudes The beatitudes in the Bible, Matthew chapter 5, are known as the code of ethics for the disciples. It is used frequently as a foundation for medical missionary field work. Large Christian organization as Samaritan’s Purses, Oversea Missionary Fellowship (OMF) and Mà ©decins Sans Frontià ¨res (MSF), known internationally in English as Doctors without Borders, continue to practice and assist worldwide with high ethics and compassion based on the teachings and principles in the Bible. Early HistoryRead MoreCritical Incident In Social Work1618 Words   |  7 Pagesproviding them with the skills they need. Social work incorporates other aspects as diversity, ethics, and values and thus social workers require skills that will enable them to educate people. It is important that social workers embrace diversity, follow the ethical rules and uphold high standards of value. This essay will highlight an incidence in a supported accommodation setting where issues of diversity, ethics, and values were clearly observed. The incident will be critically analysed using a criticalRead MoreSocial Work Values And Ethics1441 Words   |  6 PagesValues and Ethics 1 Social Work Values and Ethics Unique to the Profession Jessica A. Rosario Arizona State University Social Work Values and Ethics 2 Abstract The history and evolution of social work dates to the late 1800’s. Since the profession was recognized many concerns arose regarding the values and ethics of social workers. The key points of the NASW Code of Ethics, the CSWERead MoreThe Ethics Of Advertising For Children1731 Words   |  7 Pages Congratulations, it s a †¦ Consumer! The Ethics of Advertising to Children Ishaaq Beg ENG4U Ms. Lodi October 22nd 2015 Ishaaq Beg Ms. Lodi ENG4U October 22nd 2015 Advertising to Children â€Å"The consumer embryo begins to develop during the first year of existence. Children begin their consumer journey in infancy, and they certainly deserve consideration as consumers at that time† - James U. McNeal, Youth Marketer. Companies have their sights on kids for many reasons, butRead MoreThe For A Standardized Provider1089 Words   |  5 Pagesorg/carecoordinationwhitepaper [Accessed 16th February 2016] Audet, A. M. and Patel, S. (2012). The Care Coordination Imperative: Responding to the Needs of People with Chronic Diseases. The Commonwealth Fund Blog. Brown, S. (2014). Autism Spectrum Disorder and De-escalation Strategies: A practical guide to positive behavioural interventions for children and young people. England: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Castle, N.G. (2009). Perceived Advantages and Disadvantages of Using AgencyRead MoreThe Importance of Ethics and Values in Business Organizations1954 Words   |  8 PagesSection A Question one: Explain the importance of ethics and values in business sustainability? Introduction: Ethics is concerned with what is good for individuals and the society according to (BBC ethics 2014). Ethics in general builds a person’s character which is portrayed by his/her behaviour. Business ethics can be defined as a way of which people and institutions should behave in the world of commerce. Most businesses are profit driven and by examining constraints or profit for self-interestRead MoreStrategic Leadership and Decision-Making: Ethics and Values3428 Words   |  14 PagesPRESENTATION BY UKAOBI JESSICA CHINYERE TOPIC: STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP AND DECISION-MAKING: ETHICS AND VALUES APRIL, 2010 INTRODUCTION Values and ethics are central to any organization. What exactly do we mean by values and ethics? Both are extremely broad terms, and we need to focus in on the aspects most relevant for strategic leaders and decision makers. What we will first discuss is the distinctive nature of ethics; second, we will take a look at work ethics; third we will look intoRead MoreSocial And Ethical Standards For The Tobacco Companies3005 Words   |  13 Pagessocial and ethical standards for the tobacco companies. Philanthropy social responsibility is very much needed to protect the society and its environment. Moreover, corporate social responsibility is one of the necessary key elements in a company’s business plan. For example, stakeholders look at the companies who adopt the policies for environmental protection and fair labour relations with employees and the community. (1) This report examines the economic, social and environmental issues and responsibilitiesRead MoreLiterature Review of Human Resource Management, theory versus practice2101 Words   |  9 Pagesis further supported with anecdotal evidence that candidates used to clarify their responses, one report stated â€Å"training is an essential part of my job development, it helps me cope with my work and I am more effective because of it†. Conversely Jessica Miller from the SHRM Blog suggests that the effectiveness of parental strategic management is curtailed by its design limitations. The alignment of the policy or practice defines how a convention ‘fits’ within a workplace structure, therefore ineffectiveRead MoreEssay on The Efforts to Regulate the Internet5321 Words   |  22 Pageswhich will run at least until July 2003, has focused on anyone with access to children and in positions of authority, such as the police or magistrates. - Detective Constable Brian Stevens, 41 - an officer on the Holly and Jessica double murder case - has been charged with indecently assaulting three children and possessing indecent photos. The charges are not related to the double murder in Soham. - Police say many child porn sites are run from

Understanding Consumer Adoption Of Internet -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Understanding Consumer Adoption Of Internet? Answer: Introduction Banking is a system which is mainly concerned about the deposit taking and lending of such deposited funds to the required parties. But the scope of banking function has a wide scope and it covers several activities. A banking system is one of most significant part of any economy as it promotes the effective flow of funds for the development of countrys economy. The financial system i.e. the banking sector of Australia has a record of successful existence due to the robustness of its functions. It is considered the central part of Australian economy due to the soundness, safety and efficiency maintained by it in performing its overall functions. The concept of banking in Australia was recognised long years back after which the Australian economy has faced various ups and downs in the areas of its financial system but it has always managed to come up such fluctuations successfully. History of banking sector: In year 1817, the first Australian bank was established in Sydney with the name of Bank of South Wales. The Australian banking sector had to face a financial crisis in 1893 due to the speculative boom in the property market of Australia in 1880s. The crisis occurred in the time when there was very less governmental or regulatory control on the banks of Australia and hence it caused failures of various commercial banks (Hickson Turner, 2002). Until 1910, private bank notes and the treasury notes were circulated in Australian economy. However, in 1910 Australian pound was issued as the Australians legal tender. Then in year 1911, the commonwealth bank was established by the federal government of Australia. Along with the other countries, Australia was also the victim of great depression that occurred in 1930 and caused a series of bank failures in the country. In response to the 1930s depression, the Australian banking was made tightly regulated. It was almost impossible for the banks from foreign countries to set up their branches in Australia and due to this Australian economy has lesser banks in comparison to other countries like Hong Kong and US (Merrett, 2002). The Australian banks were bifurcated between savings and trading banks. Majority of savings banks were state government owned and their activities were confined to provision of mortgage loans. Trading banks were typically merchant banks that did not offer services to general public. Support of banking system in economy The efficient and effective system of banking is an integral part of economy of the country. The banks in Australia have supported the nation in all the good and bad times by positively contributing to the economic growth and national prosperity. Australian banks have served the employment to the Australian citizens to a great extent. It has provided around 150000 jobs in the Australian nation (ABAs Economic report, 2015). The countrys banks provide loans of around 1 million to the small businesses for their growth and development. As the Australian banks have sound capital blocking and also sophisticated safeguards against frauds and other crimes, they support the household savings of countries citizens. These banks contribute significantly to the revenue of the government which in turn helps in the overall development of the countrys economy. In year 2014 banking sector had made the tax payment of around $13.7 billion to the government. Banking industry is the largest service indu stry in respect of economic contribution and is contributing almost equal to 9.3% to the GDP of country as the finance industry has contributed $138.6 billion in 2015 to the economy of Australia (Kirkwood Nahm, 2006). The overall banking system of banking offers a wide gamut of financial services and products to all customer segments such as personal lending, general insurance, financial advice and credit card facilities etc. so that the customers can arrange deploy their the funds in the best possible manner. This shows the improvement in the banks productivity in areas of labour and capital utilisation and hence it can be said that banks are contributing positively to the growth of economy since last many years. The above figure shows that the retails banks are paying considerable interest to the account holders on term and savings deposits etc. which becomes the part of their income from other sources. Problems faced by banking sector: Though the banking system of Australia is quite strong and safe, it has to face some challenges in the post period of global financial crisis (Sathye, 2001). The banks have to face longer periods of lower rates of interests. The profitability of the banks is deeply pressurised due to the lower interest rates and weakens the operating environment. These lower interest rates also exert pressure on rise in housing prices (Australian Government, 2015). The sensitivity of bank towards housing market shocks has been increased since 2008 as longer period of lower interest rates can cause more credit flow to housing market. After the global financial crisis, there have been imposed heavy regulatory reforms on the banking sector which creates pressure on the banks and thereby causes them to underperform. Due to the technological advancements, the customers of the banks are abandoning the use of traditional banking services and relying on the online services and banks fails to offer them the d esired services (Joseph, McClure Joseph, 1999). Also increasing introduction of Fin-tech companies which are providing financial services with the use of software is causing heavy competitive pressure on the banking sector. Therefore, the banks are pressurised to adopt the environment of digital banking (Lichtenstein Williamson, 2006). Moreover, for every banking institution operating in the market, data held by it is of significant importance whereas in the case of digital banking, the financial data maintained by them is prone to various risk exposures such as data loss, data manipulation etc. Action and role to solve problem faced by banking system The competitive pressures must be enhanced in the banking industry to increase the efficiency in the market. But such competition must be kept balanced with maintaining stability. The pressure from the Governmental bodies in the form of various reforms must be released. To enhance the accountability and increasing the independence of banking sectors some areas are to be improved. The regulatory perimeters need to be changed in Australia to cope up with the changes in the economic environment of economic system. The superannuation assets have been expanded rapidly Australian laws that regulate banking sector The prime acts that regulates the banking institutions such as banks incorporated in Australia, representative offices set up in Australia and branches of various foreign banks, specialised credit institutions or unions and the building societies of Australia are regulated by following laws: Banking Act 1959: All the banking companies incorporated in Australia, are controlled and regulated by the banking act. Reserve bank act, 1959: The reserve bank of Australia is regulated by the reserve bank act. The said act gives specific powers and obligations to the reserve bank (Bade Parkin, 1988). Corporations act, 2001: This act is a principle legislation that sets out regulations and laws that applies on Australian business entities at both federal as well as interstate level. It mainly emphasises on the corporate bodies but also entails some laws applicable on partnership firms. Financial Sector Act, 2001 (Collection of data act): This act was commenced in 2001 and it vested the responsibility of registration of Australian financial corporations to the Australian Prudential Regulatory body. However, it does not give powers to APRA to oversee the activities of registered financial incorporations. The act is meant to primarily facilitate the statistical data collection. Financial Sector act, 2001 (Shareholdings): This act is applicable on the financial sector companies which are subject to the limit of 15% shareholding. It majorly deals with the acquisition of shares by persons in the company. Services provided by Australian banking: The banking sector of Australia provides a wide range of services: Financing and investing activities: The banks in Australia provide finances to the business entities to expand and develop their businesses. These banks also facilitate deposits of the surplus funds or savings of the business entities or individuals so that returns can be generated on such deposits (Reserve Bank of Australia, 2018). Transactional services: Banks also performs various collection services for their clients under which the banking organisations collects payments from the debtors of their clients directly to their banks accounts and intimates them on time to time basis about the collection process. They also manages the payment mechanism of their clients through the modes of cheques, direct transfers or through electronic fund transfer schemes. Risk management services: Australian banks provides solutions to safeguard the Australian business entities against the currency fluctuation and also the movements in interest and commodity rates. Superannuation and insurance: The Australian banking sector provides superannuation services and it also provides insurance services to the clients. Advisory services: The banks provide advices on financial investments and protection from various financial risks and they also provide advices to corporate on potential mergers and acquisitions and capital markets etc. (Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited 2015). The banks also issue credit or debit cards to their customers and then performs processing of electronic debit and credit card transaction their behalf. These banks also facilitate the maintenance of foreign exchange reserves so that the customers can buy the foreign exchange to enter into foreign transactions. The above figure shows that banks are providing maximum proportion of financial services to the customers than other bodies such as unions and building societies (CUBS) or non-authorised deposit-taking institutions (non-ADIs) Role of banking sector to maintain inflation: Inflation is the economic situation in which the prices of goods and services increase over a period of time. The price instability can lead to severe instability in the overall financial system of the country. The financial shocks due to inflation can adversely affect the economy of the country. A weak financial system can make it difficult for the economy to achieve growth and pursue its objective of price stability. The financial system especially the banking sector has undergone significant changes to influence the systems efficiency and stability (Debelle, 1996). The financial systems stability is well- established responsibility of Reserve Bank. In fulfilling the overall responsibility, Reserve bank has a vital role to play in reducing the risk of financial disruptions and in responding to the situations of financial disturbance due to the extreme inflationary forces. The reserve banks of Australia continuously formulate and monitor various monetary policies to maintain the inf lation in the country. The RBA communicates its views with the relevant agencies. A forum called Council of Financial Regulators has been formed to maintain financial stability in the system. The CFR takes together the reserve bank, APRA and ASIC to contribute to the effectiveness of stability of financial system by stabilising the inflation in the country (Reserve Bank of Australia, 2018). Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that banking sector plays significant role in the economic development of the Australia. The financial system is also found to be quite stable and sound to nurture the growth of the economy. Its role in the economic development of the country is significant. However, even after the efficient functioning and performance, the banking sector of the country has to face various challenges due to the digitisation and modernisation in the economy. These challenges need to be overcome to strengthen the economy of Australia. The Australian must make efforts to reduce the challenges faced by the finance sector by lessening the overall burden of fiscal reforms on the banking sector. It must make the banking system more independent and transparent to generate the trust of Australian community in the banking sector. References ABAs Economic report, 2015. Australia's banks: an integral part of the economy and the community. Retrieved from https://www.bankers.asn.au/images/uploads/ArticleDocuments/134/ABA%20economic_report_final_Oct_2015.pdf Accessed on 24-1-2018. Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (ANZ) 2015. Products and services. Retrieved from: https://www.anz.com/corporate/products-services/ Accessed on 24-1-2018. Australian Government, 2015. The Australian banking system: Challenges in the post global financial crisis environment. Retrieved from : https://treasury.gov.au/speech/the-australian-banking-system-challenges-in-the-post-global-financial-crisis-environment/ Accessed on 24-01-2018. Bade, R. and Parkin, M., 1988.Central bank laws and monetary policy. London, ON: Department of Economics, University of Western Ontario. Debelle, G., 1996. The ends of three small inflations: Australia, New Zealand and Canada.Canadian Public Policy/Analyse de politiques, pp.56-78. Hickson, C.R. and Turner, J.D., 2002. Free banking gone awry: the Australian banking crisis of 1893.Financial History Review,9(2), pp.147-167.Joseph, M., McClure, C. and Joseph, B., 1999. Merrett, D.T., 2002. The internationalization of Australian banks.Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money,12(4), pp.377-397. Service quality in the banking sector: the impact of technology on service delivery.International journal of bank marketing,17(4), pp.182-193. Kirkwood, J. and Nahm, D., 2006. Australian banking efficiency and its relation to stock returns.Economic record,82(258), pp.253-267. Lichtenstein, S. and Williamson, K., 2006. Understanding consumer adoption of internet banking: an interpretive study in the Australian banking context.Journal of Electronic Commerce Research,7(2), p.50. Reserve Bank of Australia, 2018. Banking Services. https://www.rba.gov.au/fin-services/banking.html Accessed on 24-1-2018. Reserve Bank of Australia, 2018. Role of the Reserve Bank in Maintaining Financial Stability. Retrieved from https://www.rba.gov.au/fin-stability/reg-framework/role-of-the-reserve-bank-in-maintaining-financial-stability.html Accessed on 24-01-2018. Sathye, M., 2001. X-efficiency in Australian banking: An empirical investigation.Journal of Banking Finance,25(3), pp.613-630. Sathye, M., 2001. X-efficiency in Australian banking: An empirical investigation.Journal of Banking Finance,25(3), pp.613-630.

The Bench Essay free essay sample

I saw workers bringing in cut down trees to manufacture merchandise for millions. The routines of mankind have devastating affects on nature! As I looked upon the trees, I could see them choking on the thick fumes that came from the city. Clutter and trash suffocated their trunks as they began to weep for their kinsfolk that were taken away. The wise man reminded me that Trees give us the breath of life, without them we would not be here, we would not have fruit and there would be a missing link in the circle of lifeThen we looked to our right toward the sea and rivers. I could see how the creatures in the water were struggling to survive as their movements became a battle and soon the tide was the only element moving them around. Their numbers started to decrease as their tiny poisoned bodies began to wash up on the shore. We will write a custom essay sample on The Bench Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The seagulls innocently indulged on their toxic remains as the remainder of the fish were getting trawled by fisherman. We saw the poisoned seagulls fly away back to their nests where their pure white eggs lay.The days went by and the seagulls began to disappear. Their eggs were left unattended and unmatched. The poisoned seagulls had been eaten by the beasts. We soon came to realism that those beasts were the same that are taken to the butchers that give us the food we need on our plates. The wise man then said When the well dries, we know the worth of water ? Benjamin Franklin I realized that we will also only realism the worth of the environment when it is too late. Soon mankind will suffer the consequences of their actions.We will see major climate changes; we will witness the crying faces of our starving children and hear the groans of our neighbors as a result from our damaged environment. There will be no rich and no poor. We will gaze upon cloned disintegrating houses and only then will we think What have we done? If we exploit nature, the more our As we sat on the bench looking at the works of our fellow man we realized that we have exploited nature for too long and soon it will be too late. We sat on the bench quietly before he left me, he quoted these words MIM must be the change you wish to see in the world ?

Heartfelt Heart Quotes

Heartfelt Heart Quotes If you think with your head, a heart is just an organ that pumps blood. But if you think with your heart, you know that a heart is the core of human existence. A heart feels, emotes, and expresses. With a heart you can perceive, understand, and judge. Often, a heart is accorded more importance than the brain. Read these heartfelt heart quotes. Sir John VanbrughOnce a woman has given you her heart, you can never get rid of the rest of her.Michael NolanThere are many things in life that will catch your eye, but only a few will catch your heart. Pursue those.Robert ValettThe human heart feels things the eyes cannot see, and knows what the mind cannot understand.Blaise PascalThe heart has reasons that reason cannot know.Mary SchmichDont be reckless with other peoples hearts, dont put up with those who are reckless with yours.Timothy ChildersTo hide the key to your heart is to risk forgetting where you placed it.BuddhaYour work is to discover your world and then with all your heart give yourself to it.Franà §ois de la RochefoucauldThe heart is forever making the head its fool.Kahlil GibranBeauty is not in the face; Beauty is a light in the heart.ConfuciusWherever you go, go with all your heart.James Earl JonesOne of the hardest things in life is having words in your heart that you cant utter.Robert TizonI would rather have eye s that cannot see; ears that cannot hear; lips that cannot speak, than a heart that cannot loveLao TzuLove is of all passions the strongest, for it attacks simultaneously the head, the heart and the senses. Jacques Benigne BossuelThe heart has reasons that reason does not understand.Blaise PascalThe heart has reasons, which the reason cannot understand.Zig ZiglarAmong the things you can give and still keep are your word, a smile, and a grateful heart.Benjamin FranklinThe heart of a fool is in his mouth, but the mouth of a wise man is in his heart.Libbie FudimKnow in your heart that all things are possible. We couldnt conceive of a miracle if none had ever happened.Swami SivanandaPut you heart, mind, intellect and soul even into your smallest acts. This is the secret of success.William ShakespeareGo to your bosom; knock there, and ask your heart what it doth know†¦James LowellOne day with life and heart is more than time enough to find a world.Edward George Earle Bulwer-LyttonA good heart is better than all the heads in the world.

Using the TDBGrid Control in Delphi Database Apps

Using the TDBGrid Control in Delphi Database Apps Contrary to most other Delphi data-aware controls, the DBGrid component has many nice features and is more powerful than you might think. Below are ways in which you can get the most out of the TDBGrid Delphi component, separated into categories. The Basics You can make the Enter key work like the Tab key in a DBGrid, which also allows ShiftEnter to function like it would if TabEnter were used. See how to fix DBGrid column widths automatically (at run-time) to remove the unfilled space at the right edge of the grid. It will automatically adjust the column width to fit even the widest entry. You can also enhance the functionality of a TDBgrid component using colors (coloring rows, columns, cells - depending on a field value). Follow this tutorial to see how to show the contents of a MEMO field (textual BLOB) in a TDBGrid, plus how to enable editing MEMOs. Some Other Nifty Tutorials When the DBGrids Options property includes dgRowSelect and dgMultiSelect, users can select multiple rows within the grid. One of the most natural and easiest ways to let your users sort a column is to have them click the column title. Follow our guide on how to sort records in Delphi DBGrid for all the information you need to make this happen. See how to retrieve, display, and edit Microsoft Excel spreadsheets with ADO (dbGO) and Delphi to learn how to connect to Excel, retrieve the sheet data, and enable that data to be edited using the DBGrid. Youll also find a list of most common errors that might show while in the process, plus how to deal with them. Advanced Guides Need to highlight the row behind the mouse cursor in a DBGrid? Weve got you covered. It makes reading the data much easier when the whole row is lit up. Find out how to select (make active) and highlight (change the color, font, etc.) a row in a DBGrid as the mouse moves around the grid. Heres how to place just about any Delphi control (visual component) into a cell of a DGBrid, such as checkboxes (using a TChekBox control).

What are the purposes of art museums and galleries Essay

What are the purposes of art museums and galleries - Essay Example But could these arguments stand the test of critical intellectual and empirical analysis Could they be substantiated incontestably with living evidence, so that these views on the purpose of the institutions come across as a cogent piece of intellectual submission This paper will critically examine a number of arguments in support of the views, for logic of presentation, relevance of structural methodology and cogency of content. Khalil Gibran, a Lebanese artist & poet in US, once said 'To understand the heart and mind of a person, look not at what he has already achieved, but at what he aspires to'. This statement, with its allusion to 'aspiration', offers a significant point of departure for this exposition. Aspiration is evidenced in current attempts, in current efforts towards the realisation of a purpose. Therefore, the appreciation of the purposes of art museums and galleries lies in the discovery of the aspiration of those who set them up and conscientiously maintain them. This simple deduction will be used as a fundamental yardstick for estimating the validity of the various arguments. The arguments of the chosen authors will be represented with excerpts from their works, which capture the long and short of their arguments and submissions. These excerpts will be enlarged upon very briefly and then examined for validity. The term 'museum' dates back to the Greek origin of the institution as the abode of the muses, a place of learning and inspiration. It is defined in the American Heritage Dictionary as: 'A building, place, or institution devoted to the acquisition, conservation, study, exhibition, and educational interpretation of objects having scientific, historical, or artistic value', (The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition, 2000). In their A Sense of Place, a work of advocacy, Peter Davies and Tony Knipe (1984) subscribe to an opinion embodied in this excerpt : ' Lets not each beauty everywhere be spied, When half the skill is decently to hide, He gains all points who pleasingly confounds, surprises, varies and conceals the bounds' The advice "not to spy each beauty everywhere, 'when half the skill is decently to hide'" suggests that easily appreciated objects of artistic beauty do not hold as much attraction as those whose artistry is 'decently' hidden, that is, complex. Thus, art galleries, which generally hold attractions for frequenters, contain artistic collections whose intents and purposes need closer (not to be 'spied') examination and special explanations, for their full understanding and appreciation.Consequently, close examination of artistic works of art for their enjoyments and appreciation, is presented by these authors as the purpose for which art galleries and museums are set up. The complicated artistry of the collections is to challenge- 'pleasingly' confound- the visitors, stimulate their imagination and increase their appreciation of beauty. The validity of this submission is, however, yet to be seen, for no empirical evidence lies in this excerpt. From the work of another pair of authors on the origins of museums, we find this excerpt: 'The opening of the New World and the opening up of contacts with Africa, South-East Asia and the Far East revolutionized the way which people saw the world and their own place in it' (Oliver Impey and Arthur MacGregor, Origins of Museums (1985), p.2). Further reading of this work reveals that the stir created by the opening up of Africa, South-East Asia and the Far East to the New World gave birth to the very beginnings of museums as we know them. Interestingly, many of them were filled with

Economic analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economic analysis - Essay Example In normal circumstances, keeping other things constant (ceteris paribus), as the demand rises (the supply is held constant), the price of the good also increases. This is because as the demand for a good rises, the willingness and the ability of the buyers to buy rises. As a result, buyers are willing to buy more, and hence the price of the good rises. This can be shown in the diagram that is drawn below. From Figure 2.1 it can be seen that as demand rises (due to some exogenous variable), the demand curve shifts to the right (from AB to CD). The supply is fixed and so the new equilibrium is F instead of E that was initially the equilibrium. Since the supply is fixed it can be seen that the prices have risen from P1 to P2, such that P1 In the article, Erica Olsen, the marketing specialist for North Dakota Wheat Commission states that the prices of durum throughout the year 2009 have not been changed. In fact they have remained in a range of $4 to $ 4.20, so that the average price is $ 4.10.2 She states that the demand for durum has increased worldwide and so has increased the exports of America. The estimated number of exports was reported as 838000 bushels in the year 2009.3 Normally, this increased number of exports may lead to a shortage of durum in the domestic country. Consequently, the prices may increase more as the supply falls to the left (there is a shortage). This phenomenon can be seen in the figure below. In the figure, the demand is already high. With an increase in exports the supply in the domestic market should fall. (The supply curve should shift from UX to YZ). The equilibrium should shift to G from E. Hence the price should increase more, this time to P3 where P3> P2. However this is not what was observed in

Three Novels Essay Example for Free

Three Novels Essay Central to the rising action, falling action, and climax of any short story is linked directly to the protagonist. Therefore, the protagonists key features and experiences push the plot and action of the novel forward. It is this literary elements which lead to the eventual emotional growth of the character, his circumstances, and the denouement of the novel. Theme, structure and social characteristics are the literary elements, which highlight the spiritual growth of the main characters in â€Å"My Name is Asher Lev†, â€Å"Emma† and â€Å"Huckleberry Finn†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Each of these three novels about moral maturation and the growth of self-awareness, â€Å"Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain, whose protagonist is Huckleberry Finn, Jane Austen’s â€Å"Emma†, named after the protagonist and â€Å"My Name is Asher Lev† by Chaim Potok, whose main character is Asher Lev. Notably, the authors necessarily indicate the protagonists’ names in the titles, underlining their moral and psychological development as a central plotline. The literary elements of theme, structure and protagonist’s social characteristics actually strengthen the reader’s understanding of the character’s spiritual growth: Lev’s novel demonstrates’ the protagonist’s liberation from the community bonds through the lens of the theme of social pressure, Twain’s writing – the progress of Huck’s humanistic views underlining the theme of slavery, Austen’s work – Emma’s psychological maturation, through prioritizing the theme of marriage, moreover, all works by their structure provide the mistakes made by the protagonists on their path and thus make clear to the reader that development is not a smooth and gradual process, whereas the change or stability of sociological characteristics pay reader’s attention either to the connection between self-awareness and social position or to the purely inner revolution. The characters actually perfect very distinct aspects of self awareness: Emma, for instance, overgrows the selfish and infantile girl, whose main interest is manipulating the others’ fates (as she appears at the beginning), Asher Lev realizes that he is actually an independent personality rather than the subject of the Hassidic community after being judged for depicting the his mother’s anguish, whereas Huckleberry Finn, who has never considered carefully the issue of racial equality, begins to realize his humanistic views and oppose the oppression of slaves and the split of their families. Due to the fact that the major theme in â€Å"My Name is Asher Lev† is community bonds and the conflict itself develops in terms of the weakening of the commitment to the groups of Hassids the protagonist, who is a bright and unique individuality, should ascend over the blind observance of community tradition and learn to distinguish himself from the group. Therefore, his development is associated with individuation and learning of his ego and the religious conflict results in the development of Asher’s ability to assert his self: â€Å"So it is time for the defense, for a long session in demythology. But I will not apologize. It is absurd to apologize for a mystery†(Potok, 1960). Asher displays his maturity and understands the difference between what he can explain and what he can not. The conflict in Asher is that there is disconnected between his art and the god he worships.   The internal conflict is resolved at the end of the novel through Ashers emotional development.   Asher grows and matures which enables Asher to make the appropriate choice between the two.   Asher is able to release his emotions by creating art.   He learns to understand how this art reflects him and what it truly means. This insight he lacked at the begining of the novel, however in the final chapters he displays his newly found maturity. A pivotal moment is when Asher moves into his aparment.   He states Away from my world, alone in an apartment that offered me neither memories nor roots, I began to find old and distant memories of my own, long buried by pain and time and slowly brought to the surface now. Now I would have to paint the street that could not be seen. He is able to confront his past and make sense of it. He begins to see himself as situated within that community in a unique way, but still as a part of it. The theme of marriage as the leading one in â€Å"Emma† is also related to the main character’s development: whereas at first, Emma views marriage as a game, popular in her environment, she is still not infantile to understand that this specific type of partnership is based necessarily on strong affection after developing the feelings for her brother-in-law; whereas at the beginning she has fear for the responsibility associated with marriage. Emma is always stating she does not want to get married.   However, when her close friend becomes interested in a man, Emma feels her feelings begin to stir.   Emma realizes Mr. Knightley is the man she wants to spend the rest of her life with. She is only happy around him.   This is a pivotal moment because previously she hated the idea of marriage.   Love, while central to conflict in the strong, is what reveals Emmas true desires from life.   Emma reflect Emma realizes that she had indeed not been a friend to Harriet, as Mr. Knightley had said.   She realizes how foolish it was of her to try to meddle in other peoples romantic affairs when she did not even realize her own feelings for Mr. Knightley.   She now knows that she should not interfer in other peoples affairs and that she has the capacity to love. The theme of slavery also supports the reader’s understanding of the young protagonist’s moral growth in â€Å"Huckleberry Finn†: â€Å"I’m low down; and I’m a-going to steal him† (Twain, 1999, Ch. 33); as one can understand, Huck no longer views Jim as property, but in order to persuade Tom, he recognizes his own inclination to wrongdoing and takes entire responsibility for the stealing the slave. Finn, at the begining of the story, is a young boy.   He is the productive of his environment and the time he lives in.    He holds the same prejudices that the adult around him hold.   However, his experiences with Jim, on the river, forever change him.   These experiences change the way that Finn sees the world, and slavery.   Finn reflects on slavery in the following way Well, it made me sick to see it; and I was sorry for them poor pitiful rascals, it seemed like I couldnt ever feel any hardness against them any more in the world. It was a dreadful thing to see. Human beings can be awful cruel to one another.   Finn realizes that just because people around him are cruel does not make it right.   He makes the choice that slavery is wrong and he will not treat Jim the way society tells him he should be treated. The structure of the stories is generally similar: the greatest part of the plot is dedicated to depicting the behavioral imperfections of the protagonist, so that the reader can feel the protagonist is an ordinary person, whose growth is based upon his/her own mistakes. For instance, â€Å"Emma† at first depicts an arrogant and class-conscious girl saying â€Å"The yeomanry are precisely the order of people with whom I feel I can have nothing to do† (Austen, 2001, Vol.1 Ch.4) and throughout the first two parts she acts as a quarrelsome person, whereas her later reasoning can be characterized as wiser: â€Å"I think Harriet is doing extremely well â€Å"(Austen, 2001, Vol. 3, Ch. 28), i.e. she approves of her best friend’ marriage to the farmer, having got the idea of love and letting it in. Beyond mistakes, Potok’s and Twain’s protagonists also encounter difficulties and adversities, which shape their outlooks; for instance, Lev’s story can be divided into three parts (Walden, 1985): period of the teenage conflict with the environment, movement toward the goal in Kahn’s studio and the resolution of the conflict and individuation (Potok, 1972). Huck’s moral development is less gradual and actually consists of several insights: 1) first encounter with Jim as a fugitive slave and the initial desire to help him; 2) The loss of the companion after meeting the â€Å"aristocrats† and Jim’s imprisonment in Phelpses’ house. Finally, social characteristics of the protagonists are quite expressive themselves and point actually to the qualities to be changed. For instance, Emma is introduced as a girl with a degree of self-importance and class-based prejudice because of her upper class identity, but later she begins to understand her friend Harriet in her love for Martin and thus grows more open-minded; furthermore, her maturation is accompanied by the change of social characteristics, as Emma accepts Knightley’s proposition Huck Finn’s social characteristics remain practically the same, as the author seeks to maintain the reader’s focus on the advancement of his moral qualities, so that the adolescent still remains to some extent uncommitted to social norms â€Å"Aunt Sally she’s going to adopt me and sivilize me, and I can’t stand it† (Twain 1999, Ch. 43), in spite of having developed his distinct attitude towards slavery. Asher Lev, in turn, drastically changes his social identity: the growth of his self-awareness and self-identity result in his alienation and separation from the community. The reader’s understanding of the protagonist’s path toward self-awareness is to great extent manipulated by the authors: Jane Austen, Chaim Potok and Mark Twain design the plot structure, which underlines the failures and subsequent insights of the protagonist, embed the central theme into the main character’s spiritual growth and substantially change the protagonist’s social features, except Huck’s case, in which the focus on morality shift is broadened through remaining social characteristics stable. References Austen, Jane.   Emma.  Ed. James Kinsley.  New York: Oxford UP, 1998. Twain, Mark.   Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.   Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2004. Potok, Chaim. The Chosen. New York: Fawcett Crest, 1967. My Name Is Asher Lev.  Ã‚   New York: Ballentine Books, 1990.

Coming Back to Life in the story The River Styx Runs Upstream Essay

It’s a universally know truth that death is certain and people cannot live forever. In the story The River Styx Runs Upstream, the author Dan Simmons predicts and interprets the way our lives would be different if that fact was altered. Simmons’s story describes the way the society and people would function if people were brought back from the dead. The title of the story is ironic since rivers run downstream and not upstream and it’s also not coincidental that the river Styx is a river which according to Greek mythology separates our world from the underworld. The story is narrated by a young boy whose mother dies and is brought back to life. Looking at the events in his life and examining his attitude and others towards resurrected people the understanding of the dead is acknowledged. There are many beneficial and detrimental effects of bringing people back to life, but the people who bring back the dead ones fail to recognize the unpleasant effects their actio ns will have on their family. The narrator of the story, one of the younger brothers is satisfied with the fact that his mother is living again and is brought back to life. However what he fails to realize because he is so young that his mother and his family will never be the same again. His mother will never be the same mother the boy remembers before she was dead. When they first bring her in, she is not what they boy remembers, â€Å"...her face was flushed and healthy, almost sunburned. Her skin wasn't cold. It was just different." The resurrected can never fully recover and must be under constant supervision. The father was told that would happen, he was told to think of it as a â€Å"stroke†, but he failed to realize that the stoke isn’t temporary and it won’t be nurse back ... ...ir peers, no one will speak to them in school and the kids make fun of them. The two boys are then forced to transfer to private schools where no one makes fun of them, but kids still don’t make the effort to befriend them. The boys are shunned from their social circle and are forced to just play together all the time. Both the boys have trouble falling asleep, and the older boy, Simon, always has the same reoccurring nightmare about his mother â€Å"grinning at him, not smiling, but grinning real wide... her teeth... filed down to points." It get so emotionally frustrating for the boys to be around her that Simon convinces the younger brother to run away with him so they no longer have to be in her presence. After the father learns that the boys tried to run away her tries to take a family vacation where Simon, who is so distraught by the resurrection commits suicide.

Microbiology Week Essay

The bacteria can survive on skin are normally gram-positive because of their ability to survive in dry and humid conditions. The conditions on the skin are not suitable to all bacteria such as gram-negative bacteria and only those that can survive salty and dry conditions can survive. The skin has defense mechanism against pathogens such as its low moisture level, acidity, rigidity and defenses released by the skin. Certain areas of our body do contain gram-negative bacteria, staphylococcus aures and corynebacterium. Those areas are the armpit, groin and toe webbing because it is a moist area, however the bulk of human skin contains gram-positive bacteria such as staphylooccus epidermis and propionobacterium. Siegenthaler, D. and Siegenthaler, S. (2009), You’re Skin-Home to Millions of Microorganisms, Retrieved from http://www. ellsphere. com/skin-beauty-article/your-skin-home-to-millions-of-micro-organisms/582120 Someone who is immunocompromised means they have an immune system that has been impaired due to a disease or a certain treatment. The eye structure is the most direct way for exposer from the environmental bacteria to enter causing infections and certain diseases. Immunocompromised hosts are more likely to get an eye infection caused by fungi because the immune response is generally very effective at controlling fungal infections, therefore it will eliminate pathogenic fungi when they begin to grow in the body and cause diseases. However an individual who is immunocompromised the fungi on the inside or the outside colonize leaving them with lower levels of fungi that exists as a commensal in the body which can outgrow and cause a disease, unfettered by the immune response.

Textile Dyes Biosorption Using Dead Fungal Biomass Environmental Sciences Essay

Over the past three decennaries or so the find and farther development of biosorption phenomena has gained impulse and has transformed the methods by the agencies of which waste H2O wastewater is treated to take pollutants and retrieve valuable resources present in these aqueous systems like dyes. Biosorption is going a promising alternate to replace or supplement the present dye remotion processes from fabric industries wastewater. This engineering has drawn the attending of industries as it is economically feasible and environmentally friendly. The position of scientific development of a engineering can be reflected through analyses of the literatures refering to it, in this reappraisal, we qualitatively examine about all facets of biosorption research through research articles and other reappraisal documents. We have fundamentally focused on biosorption of textile dyes utilizing dead fungous biomass obtained from autoclaved or inactivated Aspergillus Niger. Materials used, methodo logical analysiss used and informations obtained has been assimilated from literature cited below. Finally, we summarized the of import considerations of the current research on biosorption, the consequences and decisions obtained from the information, every bit good as the suggestions and our ideas and thoughts for its future waies. Introduction Rapid industrialisation and urbanisation all over the Earth has resulted in the coevals of big measures of aqueous wastewaters, many of which contain high degrees of toxic pollutants. Assorted physical, chemical and biological procedures are being employed to take pollutants from industrial effluents before discharge into the environment as in the instance of intervention of adsorbent pollutants like heavy metals and ionic dyes, nevertheless, most of the conventional intervention procedures, particularly chemical precipitation, curdling, activated Cs and the usage of ion-exchange rosins go less effectual and more expensive when the adsorbates are in a low concentration scope and their high cost and low efficiency and deficiency of practicality have limited their commercial usage in the field. Since any type of solid stuff has the capacity to absorb pollutants to some grade, a figure of industrial inorganic wastes, such as ash, or natural inorganic stuffs like clay, man-made stuffs, e very bit good as, populating or inanimate biomass/biomaterials, have been investigated as inexpensive adsorbents capable of replacing the well-known, but more expressive 1s as their cost is low and efficiency is higher and the biosorbants can be regenerated, and the possibility of dye recovery following surface assimilation biomass-based adsorbents or biosorbents as they are normally called, are the most attractive options to physical and chemical procedures. The usage of biosorbents for the remotion of toxic pollutants or for the recovery of valuable resources from aqueous waste Waterss is one of the most recent developments in environmental or bioresource engineering. Biosorption of dyes has become a popular environmentally driven research subject, and is one of the most sought after procedures in the modern twenty-four hours where bioremediation is cardinal in continuing the environment for future coevalss. Bohumil Volesky, a innovator in the field, defined ‘biosorption â⠂¬Ëœ as the belongings of certain biomolecules ( or types of biomass ) to adhere and concentrate selected ions or other molecules from aqueous solutions. Biosorption by dead biomass ( or by some molecules and/or their active groups ) is inactive and occurs chiefly due to the ‘affinity ‘ between the biosorbent and adsorbate. Types of Biomass or Biomaterials: Pollutants like metals and dyes can be removed by surface assimilation by populating micro-organisms, but can besides be removed by dead biomass. Surveies on practicality in the field for large-scale applications have demonstrated that biosorptive procedures utilizing dead biomass is much more feasible option than the procedures that use populating biomass, since the latter require a alimentary supply and complicated bioreactor systems. Plus the usage of dead biomass eliminates the care of a healthy microbic population, and the other environmental factors like temperature and pH of the solution being treated. Dye recovery is besides limited in life cells since these may be bound intracellularly. Therefore maintaining these factors in head, attending has been focused on the usage of dead biomass as biosorbents. As mentioned above, dead biomass has advantages over life micro-organisms. A intercrossed procedure can besides be employed which uses both de ad and living biomass so as to increase the efficiency of biosorption. However, we have chosen to concentrate on individual biosorption processes in this reappraisal and to avoid treatment of intercrossed procedures combined with biosorption. The first major challenge faced is to choose the most promising types of biomass from an highly big pool of readily available and cheap biomaterials. To streamline this when taking biomass, for on field or industrial utilizations, the chief factor to be taken into history is its handiness and bargain rate. Therefore maintaining these factors in head, native biomass can come from ( I ) industrial wastes free of charge ; ( two ) organisms easy gettable in big sums in nature ; and ( three ) organisms that can be grown rapidly and which can be cultivated easy. A wide scope of biomass types have been tested for their biosorptive capacities under assorted conditions at this point in clip, but there are no bounds to geographic expedition of new biomas s types holding low cost and high efficiency. Biosorptive capacities of assorted biomass types have been quantitatively compared in many reappraisal documents. Biosorbents chiefly fall into the undermentioned classs: bacteriums, Fungis, algae, industrial wastes, agricultural wastes, natural residues, and other biomaterials. Quantitative comparing of the 100s of biosorbents reported therefore far is non possible hence informations from assorted documents that have done these types of comparings of biosorptive capacities of assorted biosorbents for assorted pollutants were used. It should be noted that the biosorptive capacity of a certain type of biosorbent depends on its pretreatment methods, every bit good as, on experimental conditions like pH and temperature. When comparing biosorptive capacities of biosorbents we consider it for a mark pollutant, hence, the experimental informations should be carefully considered in visible radiation of these factors. After taking a signifier of inexpensive and abundant biomass, the biosorbent capableness for taking a mark pollutant can be derived through simple chemical and/or physical method ( s ) . New biosorbents can be manipulated for better efficiency and for multiple reuses to increase their economic attraction, compared with conventional adsorbents like ion-exchange rosins or activated Cs. Class Examples Bacterias Gram-positive bacteriums ( Bacillussp. Corynebacteriumsp. , etc ) Gram-negative bacteriums ( Es-cherichia sp. , Pseudomonas sp ) blue-green algae. Alga Micro-algae ( Clorella sp. , Chlamydomonas sp. , etc ) macro-algae ( green seaweed ( Enteromorpha sp. ) brown seaweed ( Sargassum sp. ) and ruddy seaweed ) Industrial Wastes Agitation wastes, food/beverage wastes, activated sludges, anaerobiotic sludges, etc. Fungus kingdoms Molds ( Aspergillus sp. , Rhizopus sp. Etc. ) mushrooms ( Agaricus sp. , Trichaptum sp. Etc. ) And Yeast. Agricultural Wastes Fruit/vegetable wastes, rice straws, wheat bran, soya bean hulls, etc. Natural residues Plant residues, sawdust, tree barks, weeds, etc. Others Chitosan-driven stuffs, cellulose-driven stuffs, etc. Table 1: Different type of biosorbents. Mechanisms of Pollutants Removal by Biosorbents: There are many types of biosorbents derived from bacteriums, Fungis, barms, and algae ( Table 1 ) . The complex construction of these implies that there are many ways, by which these biosorbents remove assorted pollutants, but these are yet to be to the full understood. Therefore, there are many chemical/functional groups that can pull and sequester pollutants, depending on the pick of biosorbent. These can dwell of amide, aminoalkane, carbonyl, carboxyl, hydroxyl, imine, iminazole, sulfonate, sulfhydryl, thioether, phenolic, phosphate, and phosphodiester groups. However, the presence of some functional groups does non vouch successful biosorption of pollutants, as steric, conformational, or other barriers may besides be present. The importance of any given group for biosorption of a certain pollutant by a certain biomass depends on assorted factors, including the figure of reactive sites in the biosorbent, handiness of the sites, chem ical province of the sites ( i.e. handiness ) , and affinity between the sites and the peculiar pollutant of involvement ( i.e. adhering strength ) . The apprehension of the mechanisms by which biosorbents take pollutants is really of import for the development of biosorption procedures for the concentration, remotion, and recovery of the pollutants from aqueous solutions, besides on the footing of these mechanisms alterations can be made on the biomass so as to increase the adsorption-desorption capacity of it. When the chemical or physiological reactions happening during biosorption are known, the rate, measure, and specificity of the pollutant consumption can be manipulated through the specification and control of procedure parametric quantities. Biosorption of metals or dyes occurs chiefly through interactions such as ion exchange, complexation, and surface assimilation by physical forces, precipitation and entrapment in interior infinites. Conventional diagram for treating different Biosorption mechanisms types of native biomass into biosorbents. Recovery and Regeneration: One of the of import grounds why biosorption is favoured over conventional procedures is due to the recovery of pollutant from the biosorbent and coincident regeneration of the biosorbent for reuse which makes it economically feasible for industries. In fact, the utility of a specific biomass as a biosorbent depends non merely on its biosorptive capacity, but besides on the easiness of its regeneration and reuse. However, most research workers have tended to concentrate merely on the biosorptive capacity of biosorbent tested, without consideration of the regeneration required for industrial applications. The adsorbate edge onto the surface of a biosorbent through metabolism-independent biosorption may be easy desorbed by simple non-destructive physical/chemical methods utilizing chemical eluants, but intracellularly bound adsorbate through metabolism-dependent bioaccumulation can be merely released by destructive methods like incineration or disintegration into strong acids or bases. If inexpensive biomass is used as a biosorbent for retrieving a certain pollutant, so destructive recovery would be economically executable. However, most attending to day of the month has focused on non-destructive desorption from the laden biosorbent. For this ground, the pick between life or dead biomass systems is of import because of the deduction for recovery. In many instances, dilute mineral acids or bases allow efficient desorption from the biosorbent, but they besides cause serious structural harm to the biosorbent itself, ensuing in a bead in the biosorptive capacity of the biosorbent following regeneration. Organic dissolvers such as ethyl alcohol can be besides used for desorbing organic pollutants such as dyes from the biosorbent. Sometimes heating or micro-cooking can help desorption with an eluant or mixture solution. As good, as antecedently mentioned, the solution pH will hold a strong influence on biosorption of a mark pollutant ; there fore, simple use of the pH of the desorbing solution should theoretically be a good method for regeneration of the biosorbent and recovery of the pollutant.FUNDAMENTAL REVIEWHow is the fabric wastewaters treated today? It is non easy to handle the wastewaters by the conventional biological and physico-chemical procedures, e.g. visible radiation, heat, wash and oxidising agents, used in regular intervention workss. That is because of the complexicity of the dyes aromatic molecular constructions. Adsorption is the most helpful physical procedure in the handling these dye waste Waterss. Today activated C is usually used for surface assimilation in many intervention workss. But the bring forthing costs for activated C is really high, there is a demand of an alternate stuff that is more cost capable. A low costs adsorbent is defined as one which is rich in nature or one that is produces as a by-product in another industry. There have been surveies on tonss of different natural stuffs as adsorbents in handling fabric wastewaters, for illustration proverb dust and agricultural wastes like wheat straw and maize hazelnut. Now biosorption is investigated as a method to absorb the wastewaters and different be ings handling different sorts of dyes are tested. Man-made dyes are widely used in fabric industries. As a consequence, about 10-20 % of the dyes are lost during the built-up and dyeing procedure, bring forthing big sums of dye-containing effluent. Largely dyes used are azo, anthraquinone and triphenylmethane dyes, categories is based on its chromophore.The white putrefaction Fungis are known to be really efficient for azo dye decolorization as assorted Aspergillus species, have been reported to bleach assorted dyes.Aspergillus NigerThe dye solution will be treated with inactivated Aspergillus Niger. A. Niger is a Fungi which has already been used industrially in bring forthing citric acid. Citric acid used to be produced by extraction from lemons and other citrous fruit fruits, but today microbic agitation is a loosely spread technique and about all citric acid is produced this manner. In these agitation industries A. Niger besides comes out as a waste merchandise which makes it suited for probes of the biosorption ability. A. Nige r is a dark colored Fungis ( see Figure a and B ) that could be seen at decomposing nutrient and is so called black cast. It is largely fruits and veggies that are affected by the cast, for illustration grape fruits, onions and peanuts. One should non bury when covering with the Fungi that it could do fungus diseases on both worlds and animate beings. Aspergillus Niger is a common saprophytic fungus in tellurian environments. If the cells of the Fungis are active they are easy affected by toxic compounds and chemicals in the waste H2O and they may so foul the environment by let go ofing toxins or propagules. Figure a: Aspergillus Niger turning Figure B: Onion with black cast on Czapek dox agar in a Petri dish.Dyes:On the whole a big many figure of dyes have been used by different research workers but it is non possible to show the information for all the dyes which were tested therefore in this reappraisal we have concentrated on a few dyes which are most normally used by the fabric industries. Direct Blue 199 Acid Blue 29 Basic Blue 9 Dispersed ruddy 1 Table 2: Different types of dyes. Culture Conditionss and Microorganism: Aspergillus niger pellets were used to obtain the paramorphic signifiers of A. oryzae. Pure civilization was maintained on alimentary beef agar medium at 4 & A ; deg ; C or were grown in potato-dextrose stock at pH 5.6, 29  ± 1 C on the shaker. After seven yearss, when monogenesis occurred, the biomass was autoclaved at 121 C, 103.42 kPa for 45 min in order to kill the fungous biomass ( figure degree Celsius ) . The biomass was separated by filtrating the growing medium through Whatman No. 1 paper after rinsing the fungous biomasses it will dried at 80 C for 20 h. The quantification of fungous biomass was carried out utilizing a additive standardization between volumes of fungous pelletized civilization and its several dry weight. The concentration found may hold suffered minor alterations, accordingly to the processs made during its paramorphogenesis. Figure degree Celsius: Biosorbent powderedBiosorption ExperimentsExperiments were conducted 30 milliliter of the dye solution at an orbital shaking of 120 cycles/min. The temperature and pH conditions were varied for the different experiments The estimative biomass ( autoclaved ) for entire remotion of the dyes were calculated at three different pH values ( 2.50 ; 4.50, and 6.50 ) After the choice of the better pH ( 2.50 ) , the dye solutions were equipped with the same dye concentration. Therefore, the solutions were inoculated with A. niger pellets ( mg mL?1 ) acquiring through different biomass concentration. Samples were withdrawn at specified interval of clip to supervise dye surface assimilation by UV-VIS ( Scanning was performed between 300 and 800 nanometer ) spectrophotometer at the optical density upper limit of the several dye.

Good and Evil in the Movie Independence Day essays

Good and Evil in the Movie Independence Day essays Good and evil is something which can be portrayed in many different ways according to various social agendas or beliefs. Although most of us think we understand what is good or evil, these concepts are often subjective and difficult to define. Evil, as a dictionary meaning, is defined as being "morally bad; wicked." On the other hand, the dictionary meaning of good is defined as being "Morally excellent; virtuous." These definitions, however, can be modified to suit various cultures of the world. The reason for this is that something which is seen to be morally excellent in America may be morally bad in parts of Afghanistan. Media perceptions have a large influence on making us believe and uncontrollably develop different perceptions of evil. Independence Day is a movie which highlights this view. Independence Day is set in America and is about a group of mysterious and powerful aliens who travel to earth from 600 billion light years away and launch an all-out invasion against the human race. The spectacle begins when massive spaceships appear in the Earth's skies, but wonder turns to terror as the ships blast destructive beams of fire down on cities all over the planet. After taking horrendous destructive power of the aliens, which is seen to be evil, America unites for one last strike against the invaders - before it's the end of all mankind. The strike is successful and the ''good guys'' beat the evil. The creator, Roland Emmerich, produces this movie around a good Vs evil aspect. He develops the aliens to be evil and displays humans, particularly Americans, to be good. To do this, he manipulates us into seeing certain objects and characteristics that relate to either good or evil. These aliens have come to Earth and started destroying what humans call home. This Concept is portrayed as evil by all religions and social agendas all over the world. However, it may be seen as good if this act is occurring to a particular place...

A Centenarian is Probably Not a Centurion

A Centenarian is Probably Not a Centurion A Centenarian is Probably Not a Centurion A Centenarian is Probably Not a Centurion By Maeve Maddox A reader was startled when a television announcer misused the word centurion: Perhaps one of your columns could cover the meanings of â€Å"centurion† and â€Å"centenarian.† A news anchor on KTTC-TV, Rochester, Minn., just announced â€Å"There is a new centurion in Clear Lake, Iowa.† (This â€Å"new centurion† is a woman celebrating her 100th birthday. A centenarian centurion?) I was amused, but assumed that the anchor’s error was unique and that I wouldn’t be able to find enough material to write a post on this misuse. My assumption was that any English speaker who has read a book or watched a movie set in ancient Roman times, or who has a superficial acquaintance with the New Testament knows the historical meaning of centurion. I was wrong. The use of centurion in the place of centenarian is widespread in discussions of longevity on the Web. Here are just three examples: In this article we take lessons from the centurion communities of the world to gain priceless insight into how we too can live the longest. In Okinawa, where the life expectancy is the highest on earth, 803 of 920 centurions who were alive as of September 2011 were women. Daisy McFadden, a longtime resident of New York, will celebrate her 100th birthday this November. Still active, she believes her eating habits have greatly contributed to her longevity, as do most centurions. I found an article in a Canadian publication in which the writer acknowledges that centenarian is the word usually used to describe a person who has reached the age of one hundred, but seems to think that centurion is a better word to describe a centenarian who remains in good health: There are more than 4,600 Canadians now 100 or older. Estimates are that the United States might have a million people 100 or older by 2050. If those estimates are accurate, 43 years from now, many of those Boomers you see every day will be the new centurions, which strikes me as a better way to describe centenarians. Just as 60 is the new 50 today, 100 will be the new 90! Note: Joseph Wambaugh titled one of his novels The New Centurions. As it is about the lives of Los Angeles policemen, I don’t get the connection. Neither did Wambaugh’s British publishers, apparently. In the UK, the book was published as Precinct 45: Los Angeles Police. Centurion and centenarian are among several English words derived from the Latin word for one hundred: centum. In the ancient Roman army, a centurion was the officer in charge of a century, a unit originally comprised of 100 men. In the context of cricket, centurion refers to a player who has scored 100 runs (a century): Surrey teenager Dominic Sibley becomes youngest double centurion in County Championship history Dominic Sibley swapped school books for record books by becoming the youngest batsman in County Championship history to score a double century. This is a valid extension of meaning in a modern context. Using centurion to replace centenarian is unnecessary. Centenarian already exists with the meaning â€Å"a person who has reached the age of one hundred.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Possessive of Proper Names Ending in S34 Writing Tips That Will Make You a Better WriterOne Scissor?

Jack the Giant Slayer Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Jack the Giant Slayer - Research Paper Example Jack the Giant Slayer is an adventure film of 2013 previously named Jack the Giant Killer. This adventure film based on fables â€Å"Jack the Bean stalker† and â€Å"Jack the Giant killer â€Å". The director of the film is Bryan Singer and the screenplay is by Christopher McQuarrie, Darren Lemke and Dan Studney. The stars of the epic films are Evan McGregor, Ian McShane, and Nicholas Hoult. Billy Nighy, StanelyTucci and Eleanor Tomlinson are also stars in the film. The film depicts the yarn of a youthful farmhand and a princess (IMDb.com, Inc. , 2013). Style and Directing Jack is the farmhand who rescues the young princess he has fallen in love with from giants.  Work on the film began as early as 2005. In 2005, Daren Lemke hatched the idea of the film and development of the film began. In January 2009, Caruso as the director started to work on the film, however on September that year Singer took Caruso’s place. Principal photography of the film begun in Norfolk, S omerset and Gloucestershire in April 2011, all these locations are in England. The premiere of the film was on 26 February 2013. Storytelling    The power of storytelling in the film, whereby the film depicts a bedtime story that giants wandered about England consuming and crushing anyone on their way. After recurring wars between human beings and the giants, a permanent solution hatched. This solution was a powerful crown that possessed magic. The wearer of this crown who was King Eric could control and tame the giants. King Erik sent away the giants back to their homeland of Gargantua. After sometime, King Erik died and he is buried together with beanstalks and the magical crown. Time passes and the legend of King Erik is becomes a narration to children Isabelle the princess and Jack a peasant as a bedtime story. Both Isabelle and Jack grow to become young attractive youths. While Isabelle runs from a forced marriage to Lord Roderick, she bumps into Jack and they develop a bond to each other. While Isabelle is with Jack at his place, suddenly a magic bean plants itself and grows to take Isabelle to the clouds, to Gargantua where she remains stranded.    If one watches the TV spots and trailers of Jack the Giant slayer, they will discover that the marketing is quite poor relative to the movie. The action sequence is not as creative and flowing as the legend itself. Bryan Singer the director of the movie seems more concerned with old traditional story telling than the targeted audience.     The movie has gently tried to twist the original and much familiar story. Isabelle and Jack both have a good childhood since they have parents who read for them. The movie depicts the importance of storytelling in child upbringing and development. Jack the Giant Slayer, as most fables are full of good life lessons. Life lessons come in the stories of scary villains, dangerous adventures, villains and courageous heroes who challenge them. Fairy tells highlight virtue s of self-sacrifice and bravery. Storytelling shows the evils of selfishness, jealousy and greed. The mother of the princess uses storytelling to motivate her young daughter to emulate the heroes in the fairy tells and to practice good things in the world.   We can attribute Jacks attitude to the stories he grew up listening. For instance, his heroism and bravery is because he emulates the heroes in the stories.   Acting Acting is not impressive. The actors are Nicholas Hoult acting as Jack the farmhand, Eleanor Tomlinson acting as Isabelle the youthful princess (Goodykoontz& Jacobs, 2011). Other actors are Stanley Tucci acting as Lord Roderick the Kings adviser, Ian McShane acting as King the princess father and Billy Nighy as Fallon the leader of the giants. The acting is poor, Nicholas Hoult who is acting as Jack the peasant has an odd haircut and he is just an average actor. Elenor Tomlinson as Isabelle the princess is very bland and not particular captivating or useful in

Scientific advances on Cloning Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Scientific advances on Cloning - Research Paper Example The Scottish scientist Ian Wilmut of the Roslin Institute, along with his colleagues, announced on February 23, 1996 they had cloned a sheep by using a ground-technique. The method involved transplanting genetic matter from an adult sheep into a hollowed-out egg, an egg that had its nucleus removed. â€Å"The researchers fused the adult udder cell with an (egg) that was ready to be fertilized, but taken from a different sheep. The scientists had previously removed the nucleus from the (egg) using an electrical current to fuse it with the udder cell.† (Barnes, 2012). This sequence instigated cell division. The resulting embryo was then implanted into another sheep who acted as the surrogate-mother. The secret to this method’s success was making the nucleus of the donor’s udder cell â€Å"silent† so it would quit performing as it was originally intended and then reprogrammed it to act as an embryonic cell. That embryo would become Dolly; a sheep with three à ¢â‚¬Å"mothers† involved but only related biologically to the one that donated an udder cell. Consequently, Dolly is an exact genetic reproduction of the donor-cell sheep.Previous cloning experiments that used embryonic cells created a being that was the identical offspring of two parents instead of being an exact genetic duplicate of just one adult. Science successful copied a mammal from one parent for the first time. For nearly half a century, the system of relocating a nucleus from a somatic egg cell using nuclei from non-human embryonic cell continued. It was demonstrated that, in theory, up until the birth of Dolly that genetic material contained in somatic cells could maintain the potential to guide development of a healthy and fertile adult mammal. Scientists had thought once cellular differentiation materializes, this procedure would be reversible, able to change into another type of cell. However, until Dolly was born, the ability to do so was unproved. â€Å"The dem onstration that nuclei from cells derived from an adult animal could be reprogrammed, or that the full genetic complement of such a cell could be reactivated well into the chronological life of the cell, is what sets the results of this experiment apart from prior work† (Di Bernadino, 1997). From the mid-‘80’s scientists frequently cloned mammals, specifically cattle and sheep, from embryonic cells but the cloning of Dolly was the first time an animal developed to maturity by using a somatic cell nucleus from a single animal. This innovative method of cloning included three new developments: â€Å"

The soiling of old glory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The soiling of old glory - Essay Example At that time Attackers and victims seems quiet. April 5, Monday morning when students of South Boston and Charles town boycott of classes to participate in the rally against busing at City Hall Plaza and the Federal Building because from June 1974 Boston had deliberately maintained segregated schools, first step to raise a conflicts between Black and white people/students. The US District Judge and his companions ordered a program of busing which promotes more and more desegregation, boycotts in all over the city which disturbs the normal Life and violence had vexed the schools and city because of this the studies of students totally disturbed. Two hundred white students combined for the march to City Hall Plaza. Some students don’t know the reason of rally but they attended the rally for any reason and basically no reason of this rally. This rally just propagates the air of race and class. White students hated blacks they followed their parents; students enjoyed days off from school, students having immature minds just need a reason to hang out with their friends. This movement of anti-busing portrays that people filled with patriotism and defend their liberty against this cruelness of a judge. Southside people belongs to South Boston also participate in this anti-busing movement and a spokesman James Kelly the leader represents the South Boston and he is also the president of South Boston Information center. Kelly is an educated person and got his graduation degree in 1958 from South Boston High School and he had a keen interest in games he played a football. He was a sheet metal worker and belongs to a very poor family; he learned trade from his job experience and raising his family in South Boston. Kelly was a child labor he didn’t earn much money he said â€Å"We were renters all our lives. I understand what it’s like to live week to week†. (JAMES KELLY) Kelly becomes economically unstable in 1967. He also spent his time in jail because of his drinking problem Kelly words about him is that â€Å"I am not a very nice guy to my family†. Kelly stopped drinking and his last drink on March 24, 1971. In 1973 Kelly get injured during his job sheet of metal slide injured his right hand and he get compensation from his company. During these holidays the busing crisis starts so he takes interest in this movement. Kelly and City Council president Louise Day Hicks gets active and take action against the desegregation orders of Boston School Committee in 1960s because they were their neighbors and friends so Kelly had not much interest in politics but due to these issues he get involved in politics. He always support and helped the people in their efforts because he wants to defend his community against this busing issue and charges of racism Kelly became active and organized a committee in early September 1974 through South Boston Information Center and work on inaccurate press reports about opposing to busing in aspect of all these segregated issues Kelly organized the protest on April 5. So the relationship of class and race introduced the character Kelly from South Boston. Kelly invites a people, students to protest against and opposed to busing. Kelly wants to end these busing orders, wanted to accurate reporting of racial incidents and he supports the people who want that superintendent to resign. Hicks who support Kelly and these protestors help them when students, marchers arrived at City Hall.

Matters Of National Interests And Security Politics Essay

Matters Of National Interests And Security Politics Essay In a very generic sense, national interests are that which is deemed by a particular state to be a . . . desirable goal. The attainment of this goal is something that the identifying state believes will have a positive impact on itself. Realization of the interest could enhance the political, economic, security, environmental, and/or moral well-being of a populace and the state or national enterprise to which they belong.  [2]  This holds true within the territory of the state, as well as in any external relations that the state may undertake outside of the administrative control of that state.  [3]   Interests serve as the foundation and guiding direction for the formulation of policy. For a nation-state, there is more often than not a direct correlation between the nations interests and foreign policy. In most cases, statesmen think and act in terms of interest.  [4]  Those interests believed to be the most significant for the attainment of a policy objective (the states wants and needs)  [5]  will earn the greatest amount of emphasis during the policy formulation process. They should be designed to tell the policymaker why and how much he should care about an issue. Interests help determine what kind and how much attention should be given to both challenges or threats and opportunities. They also assist the policymaker in identifying key issues during the policy formulation process. Some political scientists, like Hans Morgenthau, believe that national interests are permanent features of the international system. Regardless of what government is in power, the interests of a nation-state remain fixed components of the policymaking process. They are unaffected by the circumstances of time and place.  [6]   Morgenthau, himself, indicates that the key concept of interest is not to be defined with a meaning that is fixed once and for all.  [7]  Morgenthau believed the generic concept of interest was unchanging in terms of its importance to the international system. But this did not mean that individual interests could not be adjusted or newly created in order to take into account changes in the international system. Other theorists have argued that interests are likely to be a diverse, pluralistic set of subjective preferences that change periodically, both in response to the domestic political process itself and in response to shifts in the international environment. The national interest therefore is more likely to be what the policymakers say it is at any particular time.  [8]  The underlying three basic interests are:- Security: Protection of the people (both home and abroad), territory, and institutions of the State against potential foreign dangers.  [9]  This has always included defense of the homeland. Domestically, it also includes protection of critical infrastructure such as energy, banking and finance, telecommunications, transportation, water systems, and cyber networks.  [10]   Economic Well-Being: Promotion of international trade and investment, including protection of a States private economic interests in foreign countries.  [11]   Democratic Values: Until the 20th century, this core interest was confined to ensuring that the domestic democratic process and associated values framed the traditional tenets of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Some states may include the promotion of democracy and human rights abroad.  [12]   Just as the development of national interests is complex, so is the actual application of interests in the policy and strategy formulation process. The importance of national interests to the process is significant, as described by Lord Palmerston, the British foreign minister in 1856: When people ask me . . . for what is called a policy, the only answer is that we mean to do what may seem to be best, upon each occasion as it arises, making the interests of our country ones guiding principle.  [13]   The policy framer participating in the development of interests must take the following issues into account: How flexible can the interest of the moment be in relation to the states core interests of the period? Must the interest be based on either realism or morality, or rather; can it be some combination of the two? Where does the interest fit in terms of how it is to be categorized with what degree of intensity? Perhaps the most complicating factor that the policy framer must take into account will be the influence of domestic politics on the interest formulation process. The concept that resource allocation by type and quantity will be impacted by the identification of the interest designed to guide a policy creates a critical linkage between the two. The connection is key because, in a democracy, it is the government of a state actor that will have to sustain the investment of resources required to attain the interest. Interests with greater fidelity and less ambiguity are easier for governments and populations to support because they have a clearer idea of why it is they are being asked to do something, like allocate money or military forces.  [14]  At the same time, such a detailed understanding could lead to a lack of support on the part of either the government, the people, or parts thereof, if the interest is assessed to be too low on the scale of intensity. If they are to develop relevant and executable 21st century interests, a most important understanding for those participating in the interest development process must be that they are endowed with a degree of flexibility allowing them to discern the limits of domestic politics in terms of what types of interests are likely to be supportable. This must entail the provision of the maximum amount of data available for the development and resulting identification of the interests at hand. The greater the fidelity and degree of consensus on categorisation and level of intensity, the greater the possibility that the public will support actions to protect or advance the interest. DEFINITIONS At this juncture it would be worthwhile to look at some definitions, to get a complete perspective in to national interests,power and security. National interests The national interest, often referred to by the French term raison dÉtat, is a countrys goals and ambitions whether economic, military, or cultural. The notion is an important one in international relations where pursuit of the national interest is the foundation of the realist school. It has 5 major dimensions namely; Geo Political, Economic, Military, Socio-cultural, and Science Technology. National Interests therefore stem from the evolving National goals in each of these dimensions and is also a reflection of the relative National Strengths with regard to these dimensions. POWER In the context of international relations and diplomacy, power (sometimes clarified as international power, national power, or state power) is the ability of one state to influence or control other states. States with this ability are called powers, NATIONAL STRATEGY The art and science of developing, applying, and coordinating the instruments of national power (diplomatic, economic, military, and informational) to achieve objectives that contribute to national security. Also called national strategy or grand strategy. NATIONAL SECURITY 1. National security is the requirement to maintain the survival of the nation-state through the use of economic, military and political power and the exercise of diplomacy. 2. National security can be defined as a collective term encompassing both national defence and foreign relations.  [15]  In general, it is the study of the security problems faced by [actors], of the policies and programs by which these problems are addressed, and also of the government processes through which the policies and programs are decided upon and carried out.  [16]  It relates both externally and internally to the actor-the foreign and domestic components of national security. 3. In the context of USA it is a collective term encompassing both national defense and foreign relations of the United States. Specifically, the condition provided by: (a) a military or defense advantage over any foreign nation or group of nations; (b) a favorable foreign relations position; or (c) a defense posture capable of successfully resisting hostile or destructive action from within or without, overt or covert. 4. National security is thus a multi-dimensional view and response towards protecting National Interests against internal and external threats. It is dynamic and evolving as a derivative of National Interests which in itself is an evolving derivative of National Strength. It Underpins and guarantees the pursuit of National Objectives in a competing international arena. Further any issue that has the potential to directly impact the pursuit of National Goals can be classified as an area of National Interest, and it can thus be brought under the ambit of national security. ECONOMIC POWER Modern conflict, from conventional warfare to diplomatic disputes, has increasingly involved economics in some form. Nations use economic tools to pursue objectives, seek economic resources as national goals, or are affected by economic events that influence their national security. Both state and non-state actors use economic power to wage war and to influence events regionally or globally. Economic considerations range from simple access to resources like water or raw materials through transforming resources into finished products or services to providing financial resources. The ability to gather, transform, and use resources is a key component to national security. Many human activities, including those involving national security, can be either severely limited or dramatically enhanced by economic factors. Military operations and other national security actions frequently depend on the results of economic capability. Without the capacity to produce, finance, or support key natio nal security activities, a nation would have a limited ability to protect its domestic and international interests. Economic power has spread widely and gained importance in recent years. Globalisation, the reliance on economics, and the diffusion of economic power from a few industrial states to many developing ones has radically changed the world. Global economic success has also conferred power on a large group of sovereign governments and even corporations. The threat or actual action by a government, organization, or cartel can create enormous economic impact. Markets are extremely sensitive to news that would affect potential financial or economic activity. Oil prices can rise rapidly if tensions increase in the Persian Gulf or if a natural disaster occurs. Single events with little obvious international significance could ignite a sell off by investors in overseas and domestic stock markets. Global communications can spread panic and exacerbate the condition. The changing environment has altered the emphasis on national elements of power so that military power is not necessarily the primary coercive tool in international relations, and economic power has gained increased importance  [17]  . During the age of total war that spanned World Wars I and II, military power was the coin of the realm in foreign affairs. Economic power played a role in those wars, but the fight for national survival overrode the impact of domestic and international macroeconomic stability or growth. Economics served primarily as a provider of resources to the military element of power. In an era of increased consumer demand, technological growth, changes in society, and the evolving nature of conflict, the importance of economic considerations rose. During the Cold War, national survival was still at stake, but even then economic considerations became just as important as nuclear parity with the Soviet Union. President Dwight D. Eisenhower warned of military ex penditures impeding future economic growth the net result of which would degrade security for the nation. Nuclear sufficiency became acceptable rather than superiority with the associated costly numbers of intercontinental ballistic missiles, strategic bombers, and submarines. Guns versus butter questions also arose as the challenges of an undeclared Cold War against Moscow pitted social spending against defence resources. Today, economic issues play a pivotal role in conflict. Advanced technology, contractors on the battlefield, volunteer militaries (that tend to be more expensive than conscript armies), reconstruction of battle ravaged nations, and other considerations make war and conflict expensive. Countries do not have inexhaustible resources to conduct long wars even if there is a direct and desperate threat to national survival. Questions of national treasury, consumer demand, labour constraints, finance, and other economic considerations can sway public sentiment against a conflict. If one nation wages war or takes other actions to isolate another state, investors around the world become nervous. Stock and commodity markets could affect financial conditions and create unforeseen reactions. These reactions may create adverse conditions that could force a change in strategy by the nation trying to influence a rivals behavior  [18]  . As economic issues affect national security capabilities and activities, so might efforts that involve national security create global economic impacts. War or political disruption in an oil producing region will initiate tremors in the international energy sector. Although a nation might not be directly affected by the initial problem, the populace can suffer from increased prices from petroleum products that could result in greater unemployment, inflation, credit issues, and foreign exchange problems. Demands for added military expenditures could translate to increased taxes that discourage consumer spending and business investment or reductions in other governmental activities that can directly shape the economic landscape. Competition for limited resources to meet national security policy objectives could also hamper private or other governmental activities. Nations can increase borrowing, raise taxes, spend surpluses, confiscate resources, or monetize debt. All of these options have unique economic effects on a nation. Economics is an element of national power. Normally, one of a nations key national interests is maintaining a viable economy to ensure a certain standard of living for its citizenry. States can use economic power to deter, compel, coerce, fight, and even rebuild a former opponent to meet a particular need. Economics becomes a vital component of the ends, ways, and means of security. Perhaps uniquely among the traditional elements of national power, economics might be any of the three aspects of strategy-the objective of a nations strategy might be economic; economics might provide the means to achieve the end; or a nation might pursue its ends using economics as the primary way to exert power. Whether economics is a way or a means to achieve a national interest or if it is a cause or motivation to take an action, national leaders must pay attention to this increasingly significant security factor. ECONOMICS AND NATIONAL INTEREST States and non-state actors have historically fought over economic issues. Wars about open access to resources, trade routes, competition, profit, and other economic issues are common in military and diplomatic history. A keen competition for resources among governments, individuals, corporations, and other actors has created a complex web of economic dependencies and rivalries that was not as important in the past. Similarly, economic conditions can create an environment that fosters demands for change that could create a civil war, a fight for access to markets or resources, or other forms of economic competition. Countries with weak or failing economies may resort to actions that they might not have considered had their economies been stronger. One specific area which deserves a brief discussion is oil as a cause or objective of war. Reliable access to oil at reasonable rates is a vital national security interest for every developed and many of the more developing nations. Governments or international organizations that control oil production or pricing can effectively disrupt global economic conditions-whether purposefully or accidentally. A monopoly or oligopoly that controls a strategic asset, capability, or raw material has great potential to disrupt economies and create political instability, although few commodities have the same potential impact as oil. Major perceived or actual disruptions in the oil market are serious events that easily can trigger hostile responses from concerned governments. Today, oil is the best example of a resource that is both scarce and vital; however, other resources like water are also likely sources of conflict. We can expect economic issues-particularly access to raw materials and resou rces-to remain one of the significant objectives of international relations and causes of conflict. Economic intervention in or withdrawal from the economy of a foreign nation-as opposed to supporting its debt-can have tremendous impact on the financial well being of a region or country. Governments do not usually participate directly in the economy of another nation. However, direct participation in the economy of another nation through private companies is widespread. Depending on the business and political climate of firms home state, such participation may provide some degree of power for that home state  [19]  . Regardless of the degree of external governmental control, decisions by private firms and multinational corporations to invest or do business in a country can influence national policies. Such decisions are independent and can be contrary to a host nations interests. In an age of globalized financial markets, almost any corporation, organization, or individual can transfer capital into a country or take it out. This transfer generally can occur by using national or international stock, bond, commodity markets, or through direct investment into business ventures. Rapid inflow of capital can provide a needed boast to growth while rapid outflow can sink a nation into recession. Governments can use their economic power through other means. For example, rather than lending money by bond purchases, they can provide direct support to another nation through a variety of programs that essentially provide money or services. Foreign aid, loan guarantees, technical aid and services, and other assistance can provide a number of flexible tools to support national interests. The transfer of wealth from developed to developing countries that sell raw materials or manufacture low-cost products can create economic problems. Governments worried about the outflow of capital, goods, services, industries, and jobs might erect barriers to restrict or stop trade. Such actions rarely go unchallenged, and a counter tariff barrier or legal challenge is a likely response. Conversely, governments willing to accept what are hopefully temporary trade imbalances for potential future benefits may allow the transfer of wealth and even industries and jobs to continue. Such is the political and economic theory behind the whole free trade movement-the North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) being a visible example. Transfer of key technologies, processes, equipment, or skills can also enable foreign governments and private firms-granting in some cases access to capabilities that would have taken years and many resources to acquire independently. Economic power normally involves the trade of finished goods or raw materials. Few countries can claim to produce all of the goods and services that their citizens use. Many nations require energy imports to subsist. Conversely, nations that may have oil, natural gas, or other energy sources might need food imports or other foreign services like skilled labour. Nations can work within international trade agreements, or they may take unilateral action to expand or restrict trade. A country might try to limit trade to hurt a rival. Economic power could also prevent or limit actions taken by a rival. Suppose a country requires a scarce raw material. If an adversary has sufficient funds, influence, or credit, it could purchase and withhold that raw material from its foe. The nation could also coerce sellers to prevent sale of that raw material to the opponent. States could put pressure indirectly on an opponents allies to force a nation to take certain actions. After the 1973 Yom Kippur War, Arab oil-producing countries refused to sell oil to the United States and other nations that supported Israel. This embargo boosted oil prices and shifted international power from the developed nations to ones that relied primarily on oil extraction. Political and economic power was redistributed when these actions were combined with the nationalization of private, foreign-owned petroleum companies in these oil exporting nations.  [20]   THE PRIVATE SECTOR AS A STRATEGIC TOOL Although not generally controlled by governments, disregarding currency manipulations designed to offset them, commercial balance of payments are another form of debt that can have foreign policy implications. Fears of a pending financial disaster could cause lenders to pull capital out of the market and further exacerbate the situation. Unfortunately, globalized communications can now spread fears among global investors almost instantaneously. The result is that economic issues that might have been localized events only decades ago can now turn into global issues. Additionally, since private investors may act contrary to government desires, governmental and even international efforts to stem economic crises may be ineffective. Some nations fear excessive foreign investment due to a perceived influence or concern over precipitous withdrawal; others accept the risk and welcome foreign investment as a reasonably available source of funds. Although some nations find these actions helpful, critics argue that this capability can also be used to stifle competition, protect national interests, or create geopolitical troublemaking.  [21]  Foreign funds do provide a needed economic boast, but t hey can also disappear quickly should confidence fail Multinational corporations and firms typically have the resources and ability to get access to once closed markets. Governments might offer subsidies or grant special benefits to attract business to their country. Once established, the multinational corporation could exert a powerful influence on the government since its affairs affect the nations economy. Similarly, in highly contested markets, a multinational corporation could offer restricted technologies, move production of key subcomponents, offer bribes, expand production beyond the initial plan, or provide other incentives to gain access to the market. Companies can lobby their home countrys government (assuming it favours the move into the other nations market) for help lifting trade restrictions or access to technology or influencing the host nations foreign policy. In the most basic sense, economic power is an entitys ability to acquire, produce, and use raw materials, goods, and services. A nation cannot engage in conflict over an extended period without an adjustment to its economy. In many cases, countries must devote goods or services to prepare for or fight a war or even to conduct other activities that affect the national interest. Humanitarian aid, defence expenditures, diplomacy, alliance membership, and other vital actions depend on a countrys ability to raise and spend tax revenues, borrow funds, use surpluses, or finance these measures. Economic power allows players to conduct actions by providing the personnel, equipment, operating materials, infrastructure, and short or long term sustainment of that capability Governments purchase commodities and equipment like a business, obtain labour (military, government civilian, and contractor), maintain physical infrastructure, conduct research and development, and in some cases also produce unique goods and services peculiar to national security. Resource decisions mold the creation of force structure to include investments in weapons, recruitment and retention of military and civilian personnel, decisions to fund military or non-military government programs, and a host of other concerns that affect national security policy. Further, economic conditions, once the exclusive concern of financial institutions, investors, and businesses, now affect military decisions that range from recruitment to government borrowing that directly influences a powers ability to provide military capability. Arms sales, transfers of key military technologies or technologies related to weapons of mass destruction, contracting for goods and services by individuals and firms, and other economic activities can influence the national security environment. Nations that have sufficient resources can upgrade their military forces with more and better capabilities. Military forces that lack personnel or equipment could rely on contracted services or purchase advanced weaponry from other nations. If the state has limited forces, it can change the composition of its military forces by hiring specialized services that would have taken years to develop or that they only need for a limited time. Contractors on the battlefield are not new phenomena. The U.S. Government has used contractors in several wars. Other nations have hired military pilots and aircraft, logistics, and combat forces to expand and enhance their limited capabilities. Today, governments can lease satellite communications, photographic imagery, multi-spectral analysis, and navigational systems that were once the province of superpowers that had exclusive use of space systems. Individuals, firms, and governments can use these functions-for a price. This capability can change a balance of power at critical times during a conflict. Oil profits have allowed the Russian government to finance a larger military budget that has given Moscow the ability to build a new intercontinental ballistic missile, aircraft, and other weapons to revitalize its national security and foreign policies. Other countries, like Iran and Venezuela, also fuel their defense and security programs by oil sales. Nations building advanced technology consumer goods like information systems could use similar technologies to improve their military forces. While national leaders consider and adapt economics as an element of national power, these same leaders are also affected by economic events that may limit their policies options. Economic considerations can have very influential impacts on the conduct of military operations and diplomatic actions. Globalisation has allowed nations to conduct business with allies, former enemies, and potential rivals. New relationships between citizens and governments that highlight cost reductions, profits, and long range business activities can impact national security measures in a host of ways. Current economic conditions also have a large impact on military operations. Inflation contributes to reduced purchasing power by a government. This includes activities from purchasing fuel, paying for contracted work, demands for greater pay for military and civilian workers, and other acquisition activities  [22]  . Similarly, a recession-a sustained downturn in economic activities-reduces tax revenues and encourages moves by politicians to stimulate the economy or support the unemployed or struggling citizens. These policies can significantly reduce the amount of defence spending for a nation. However, some of these conditions might provide relief to the government. Unemployment may ease recruitment and retention problems in the military. Increased competition for fewer government contracts might reduce the cost of operations. Tools to fight economic problems may also create unforeseen issues. A central bank could raise or lower interest rates. These actions can affect the ava ilability of investors to purchase government debt and the cost of borrowing for contractors to build the latest fighter aircraft. OTHER ECONOMIC SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS Expanding trade can provide several benefits to nations. It can create better efficiencies in production by seeking the lowest cost, most effective producers. This situation could lead to greater economic growth and improved standards of living around the world. However, not all nations find an economic niche that allows economic growth. Cheaper outsourced services and imported goods may destroy domestic industries. Large numbers of unemployed workers could create domestic problems for a government. Further, reliance on foreign imports could impoverish the state and complicate its financial and credit situation. If nations rely on foreign goods, then any problem that hinders trade could cause issues globally. A natural disaster, potential conflict, trade dispute, or other problem could restrict the flow of needed products. ECONOMICS AND FUTURE NATIONAL SECURITY ISSUES In the future, security conflict among nations may change from predominately military contests to ones primarily featuring other elements of national power. That option is also open to non-state a